Latin for Gardeners: July and August 2020

July and August Native Maryland Plants

Hypericum densiflorum Pursh.
(hy-PER-ee-kum den-see-FLOR-um)
Common Name: Dense St. John’s Wort

Hypericum prolificum L.
(hy-PER-ee-kum pro-LIF-ih-kum)
Common Name: Shrubby St. John’s Wort

This month I want to share with you two plants that are commonly confused with one another: Hypericum densiflorum and Hypericum prolificum.  By discussing them side-by side I hope to show you how to differentiate them if you ever see them in your work or travels. These Hypericum spp. bloom all summer long, are native to the Mid-Atlantic states and are very low maintenance. Four years ago I planted a single specimen of each so I could learn to differentiate them; I sited them near each other along my driveway where they get full unobstructed sun and no maintenance.  They have been blooming profusely since early June and because of their proximity to one another are easily distinguished. 

At first glance you notice that both the flowers and the leaves of H. densiflorum are noticeably smaller than those of H. prolificum and there are more flowers to each inflorescence.  True to its name, the habit and flowering of H. densiflorum is a much denser shrub with flowers that are tightly clustered. H. prolificum has a more open habit with slightly larger flowers that grow in less crowded clusters on a stem. The stems of each plant are worth a closer look:  H. densiflorum is smooth and copper colored while mature H. prolificum appears woody and exfoliates in winter, exposing a light brown to orange bark.

Each plants’ flower has five petals and countless long yellow stamen that give the flower a frilly look -they can even obscure the petals. These flowers contain pollen but no nectar so bees are common visitors, butterflies are rare.  Interestingly, both shrubs are a host plant for the gray hairstreak butterfly (Strymon melinus) and several moths.  These Hypericum species leaf out early and are teeming with bees as soon as they get a single bloom.  They are often planted as erosion control plants; they have good drought tolerance and can easily be pruned to contain their height, if desired.

NOTE: Foliage contains a phototoxic chemical which deters deer and other herbivores.  Rutgers rates this plant a B: Seldom Severely Damaged by deer: https://njaes.rutgers.edu/deer-resistant-plants/

~ Alison Milligan – Mstr. Gardener/Mstr. Naturalist/Mstr. Watershed Steward

Chesapeake Bay Landscape Professional (CBLP)

aligmilligan@gmail.com

Latin for Gardeners: June 2020

June’s Native Maryland Plant
Carex plantaginea Lam.
(KARE-eks plan-taj-in-EE-ah)
Common Name: Seersucker Sedge or Plantain-leaf Sedge

The Covid-19 pandemic has meant that I, like many of you, have been spending most of my time at home, keeping safe and reducing my risk of getting the coronavirus. For me, being at home has meant even more time in the garden, intently observing nature and the emergence of spring while also having the opportunity to look at my plants with a more critical eye. I have been using this time to determine which plants are best at suppressing weeds and reducing maintenance to save myself even more time once things get back to normal.

One plant I’ve grown to admire for its ability to compete with invasives (e.g. periwinkle, Japanese stiltgrass) is Carex plantaginea. This rather ornamental sedge that I planted 3 years ago in a large swath of moist shade under high canopy trees has shown itself to be a star. Because it emerges in early spring, it is effective at suppressing weeds while creating an attractive groundcover along the way - its wide, puckered leaves and showy inflorescence add unexpected visual interest. The common name, seersucker sedge, refers to its crinkled leaves which resemble the very breathable summer fabric known as seersucker – traditionally worn in the South between Memorial Day and Labor Day.

If you prefer planting to pulling weeds in your garden – give Carex plantaginea a try. You may find it gives you just a bit more time on your hands – not on your knees!

NOTE: There are over 1500 species in the genus Carex.  Other members of the Cyperaceae family are also called sedges, but those of the genus Carex are called "true" sedges. The study of Carex is known as caricology.

~ Alison Milligan – Mstr. Gardener/Mstr. Naturalist/Mstr. Watershed Steward

Chesapeake Bay Landscape Professional (CBLP)

aligmilligan@gmail.com

We Stand Together

When someone in the family is hurting, everyone is hurting. This week, our country, our state, our county and our communities are in pain as we have witnessed, once again, the horrific crimes against the Black community. We stand with those whose voices are not heard. Those who, everyday, face racial injustices that do not make the news and for those who are affected by the crimes that, yet again, have made the headlines. We stand in solidarity, in shared sadness, but also with steadfast assurance that we will dig in to the tough work ahead.  The tough work starts with each of us as individuals and builds to changes in our communities, our county, our state and our country.  What we do in our own hearts, homes and communities must ripple out to affect real change. 

We are committed to taking action for justice and combating systemic racism. We are committed to having hard conversations, listening to the unheard and amplifying the voices of the Black community. This is not a short term responsibility for our organization. On Monday night, the WSA board approved a new strategic plan, a plan that has, at its core, a commitment to diversity, equity, inclusion and justice.  While these values have guided many of our programmatic shifts and budgetary choices in the past, we recognize a need to do more, and do it urgently.

If you would like to share your story, your insights or your ideas about how we can work together to use this moment as a catalyst for change, please reach out directly to me, Suzanne Etgen, WSA Executive Director at setgen@aacps.org. 

We Stand Together,

The WSA Staff

Suzanne, Josh, Noelle, Katie, Alyssa and Trish

Latin for Gardeners: May 2020

May’s Native Maryland Plant
Caltha palustris L.
(KAL-thuh puh-LUSS-triss)
Common Name: Marsh Marigold

Like most Marylanders I have ‘forever wet’ areas in my yard that consist of heavy clay or compacted soil.  It can be difficult to grow your standard moisture-loving native plant in these poor drainage areas, and don’t even think about growing grass there - you’ll just have a mucky mess that you can’t mow.  After losing my shoe in the ‘muck’ two years ago I decided to tackle the site once and for all. I knew there had to be some plants that could grow in these conditions, but which ones?

I instinctively turned to Maryland’s list of native wetland plants.  Caltha palustris stood out to me immediately; it’s an obligate wetland (OBL)¹ plant and its specific epithet, palustris refers to its preferred habitat: "swampy, marshy, or forested wetlands" e.g. my backyard. Its low-growing stature and early bloom period made it especially attractive.  I eagerly sought it out and planted it (using plenty of compost) in multiple areas before deciding if it was ‘the one’. After two years I was sold.  Caltha palustris is thriving in my yard and attracts a diversity of pollinators in early spring, a time of year when they are searching for the few blooming plants that can sustain them.

Marsh marigold has hollow stems; its flower has numerous stamen and 5 to 9 petal-like sepals but no petals. In late May the follicle² will split and throw seed. As is the case with many wetland plants, the seed is buoyant and can easily float to a nearby location where its high germination rate all but guarantees it will propagate. If you are struggling with similar ‘muck’ in your yard, why not give marsh marigold a try?  It may be ‘the one’ for you too!

¹ OBL: Obligate Wetland - Almost always occur in wetlands

² Follicle: the fruit that matures into a seedpod

~ Alison Milligan – Mstr. Gardener/Mstr. Naturalist/Mstr. Watershed Steward

Chesapeake Bay Landscape Professional (CBLP)

aligmilligan@gmail.com